NYBT Present:

THE WOOLWORTH BUILDING:

Le Woolworth Building est l'un des plus anciens et des plus clbres gratte-ciels du borough de Manhattan,  New York, malheureusement ferm  la visite. 
Il fait toujours partie des cinquante plus grands buildings du pays, avec une hauteur de 241 mtres. 
Il comporte 57 tages, et a obtenu en 1966 la distinction de National Historic Landmark.

Sa construction fut acheve en 1913 selon les plans de l'architecte Cass Gilbert, dans un style nogothique. 
Il abritait alors le sige de l'entreprise de Frank Woolworth. Il se trouve  proximit de l'htel de ville de New York, dans le sud de Manhattan. 
Il fut le plus haut gratte-ciel du monde jusqu'en 1930 et la construction du 40 Wall Street. Il fut vendu en 1998 au groupe Witkoff pour 155 millions de dollars.


Ploppable liste monument

Style: Nogothique
Cout de construction: 88520 $
Emplois: 5236 CO$$

Architect: Cass Gilbert

Et bon jeu a tous !

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THE WOOLWORTH BUILDING:

The Woolworth Building is one of the oldest and most famous skyscrapers of Borough of Manhattan at New York Unfortunately closed to visitors. 
It is still part of the fifty largest buildings the country , with a height 241 meters. 
It has 57 floors and has obtained 1966 the distinction National Historic Landmark.

It's construction was completed in 1913 designed by the architect Cass Gilbert in style Gothic. 
It then housed the headquarters of the company Frank Woolworth. It is located near the City Hall in New York, in southern Manhattan. 
It was the highest skyscraper in the world until 1930 and the construction of 40 Wall Street. It was sold in 1998 group Witkoff for 155 million dollars .


Ploppable in Landmark file
Style: Neogothique
Construction Cost: 88520 $
Jobs: 5236

Architect: Cass Gilbert

Dependencies:

SFBT_Maxis_Street_Deciduous_Trees.dat




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HISTORY of the building (wikipedia)
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--English--

The building was commissioned in 1910 by Frank Woolworth who wanted a building built in a style Gothic on Broadway, Opposite New York City Hall. 
A call was made to Cass Gilbert whose style was inspired mainly Fine Arts. 
The building was to house the headquarters of the chain of stores run by cheap Woolworth , the Five -and - Ten- Cent- Stores. 
It opened April 24 1913 with a final height of 241 meters, while the original plans provided for a building up of 190.5 meters. 
The total cost of construction was 13.5 million , paid in Cash. 
At the inauguration , was at Woolworth Washington, Where he pressed a button that set off the 80,000 bulbs that had been placed on the building .

With a splendor and style of a Cathedrals Gothic Europe, the skyscraper was called "Cathedral of Commerce "(cathedral of commerce) by the Rev. S. Parkes Cadman at the opening ceremony. 
With its height of 241 meters , the Woolworth Building as clinching the title of skyscraper world's tallest , which was previously held by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower 213 meters high . 
This title was retained by the Woolworth Building in 1913 to 1930, Where he was overtaken by 40 Wall Street which peaked at 282 meters . Until 1945 An observatory welcomed visitors at 58e Floor building the manner of 
Empire State Building which remains a reference for tourists , being situated in the heart of Manhattan.

The Woolworth Building has a rather unusual form , with a tower that reaches to 241 meters , and the rear of the building, part of U -shaped with a height of 28 floors. 
The tower was supposed to give the illusion that it was a skyscraper that had something of himself , which explains why his architecture was very elaborate , and has many details . 
The exterior decoration of the skyscraper has been molded in terra cotta panels ( in the architectural style terracotta) Color limestone. At the top of the tower, around the summit pyramid , four pillars very marked , no cornices , give the skyscraper the illusion of an upward thrust pointing skyward . 
Much of the faade terracotta has subsequently been replaced by artificial stone, and the 27 -storey tower has been converted into apartments.

The many details of inspiration Gothic as gargoylesThe buttressesThe florets and pinnacles concentrated on the highly visible top of the pyramid building , so they are visible at the street , yet located over 200 feet below . 
The Cruciform passage , richly decorated, has a ceiling vaulted, Of mosaicsAnd representations of Cass Gilbert, Louis Horowitz and Woolworth . Office WoolworthBuilt in Empire style and decorated marble was retained .

The frame steel building , supported by huge boxes penetrating the hard rock of the basement is the work of the engineer Gunvald Aus . The high- speed elevators skyscraper were also innovative, and the high number of offices accessed via the lifts are made cost structure . 
Tenants of the building have the Irving Trust bank and Columbia Records who owned a recording studio in the building.

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--Franais--

La construction du btiment fut commande en 1910 par Frank Woolworth qui dsirait un btiment construit dans un style nogothique sur Broadway, en face du New York City Hall. 
Il fit ainsi appel  Cass Gilbert dont le style s'inspirait principalement des Beaux Arts. Le building devait abriter le sige social de la chane de magasins  bon march dirige par Woolworth, les Five-and-Ten-Cent-Stores. 
Il ouvrit ses portes le 24 avril 1913, avec une hauteur finale de 241 mtres, alors que les plans originels prvoyaient un btiment haut de 190,5 mtres. Le cot total de la construction fut de 13,5 millions de dollars, rgls en cash. 
Lors de l'inauguration, Woolworth se trouvait  Washington, do il pressa un bouton qui mit en marche les 80 000 ampoules qui avaient t places sur l'immeuble.

Avec une splendeur et un style propre aux cathdrales gothiques europennes, le gratte-ciel fut baptis  cathdrale du commerce  (cathedral of commerce) par le rvrend S. Parkes Cadman lors de la crmonie d'ouverture. 
Avec sa hauteur de 241 mtres, le Woolworth Building s'adjugeait aussi le titre de gratte-ciel le plus haut du monde, qui tait jusque l dtenu par la Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower haute de 213 mtres. 
Ce titre fut conserv par le Woolworth Building de 1913  1930, o il fut dpass par le 40 Wall Street qui culminait  282 mtres. Jusqu'en 1945, un observatoire accueillait les visiteurs au 58e tage du building  la manire de l'Empire State Building qui demeure une rfrence pour les touristes, tant situ au cur de Manhattan.

Le Woolworth Building prsente une forme assez atypique, avec une tour qui culmine  241 mtres, et  l'arrire du btiment, une partie en forme de U d'une hauteur de 28 tages. La tour tait cense donner l'illusion qu'elle tait un gratte-ciel qui tenait de lui mme, ce qui explique pourquoi son architecture a t trs travaille, et prsente de nombreux dtails. 
La dcoration extrieure du gratte-ciel a t moule dans des panneaux de terre cuite (dans le style architectural terra-cotta) de couleur calcaire. Dans la partie suprieure de la tour, autour du sommet pyramidal, quatre piliers trs marqus, sans corniches, donnent au gratte-ciel l'illusion d'une pousse ascendante pointe vers le ciel. 
Une grande partie de la faade en terre cuite a par la suite t remplace par de la pierre artificielle, et les 27 tages de la tour ont t convertis en logements.

Les nombreux dtails d'inspiration gothique comme les gargouilles, les arcs-boutants, les fleurons et les pinacles sont concentrs sur le trs visible sommet pyramidal de l'immeuble, de telle sorte qu'ils sont visibles au niveau de la rue, pourtant situe plus de 200 mtres en contrebas. 
Le couloir cruciforme, richement dcor, prsente un plafond vot, des mosaques, et des reprsentations de Cass Gilbert, Louis Horowitz et Woolworth. Le bureau de Woolworth, construit dans un style Empire et orn de marbre a t conserv.

L'ossature en acier du btiment, soutenue par d'immenses caissons pntrant la roche dure du sous-sol est l'oeuvre de l'ingnieur Gunvald Aus. Les ascenseurs  haute vitesse du gratte-ciel taient en outre innovateurs, et le nombre lev de bureaux accessibles via ces ascenseurs rendait la structure rentable. 
Les locataires de l'immeuble comptent la Irving Trust bank, ainsi que Columbia Records qui possdait un studio d'enregistrement dans le building.


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